Engineered exosomes targeting MYC reverse the proneural-mesenchymal transition and extend survival of glioblastoma

Dysregulated Myc signaling is a key oncogenic pathway in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Yet, effective therapeutic targeting of Myc continues to be challenging. Here, we demonstrate that exosomes generated from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) engineered to encapsulate siRNAs targeting Myc (iExo-Myc) localize to orthotopic GBM tumors in mice. Treatment of late stage GBM tumors with iExo-Myc inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis, suppresses tumor growth, and extends survival. Transcriptional profiling of tumors reveals that the mesenchymal transition and estrogen receptor signaling pathways are impacted by Myc inhibition. Single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) shows that iExo-Myc treatment induces transcriptional repression of multiple growth factor and interleukin signaling pathways, triggering a mesenchymal to proneural transition and shifting the cellular landscape of the tumor. These data confirm that Myc is an effective anti-glioma target and that iExo-Myc offers a feasible, readily translational strategy to inhibit challenging oncogene targets for the treatment of brain tumors.