Arboreal mouse lemurs discovered sleeping in a burrow on the ground

Finding sleeping sites is important for the fitness of many mammal species. Like most nonhuman primates, Madagascar's mouse lemurs (genus: <i>Microcebus</i>) are thought to exclusively use arboreal sleeping sites. The rufous mouse lemurs (<i>Microcebus rufus</i>) in Ranomafana National Park (southeastern Madagascar) have always been documented to sleep in either tree holes or leaf nests. However, in our recent field expedition, we observed, with the help of telemetry technologies, an unprecedented event of <i>M. rufus</i> sleeping in a burrow on the rainforest ground, curled up with a very slow heartbeat. Thus far, such behavior has not been observed in any other <i>Microcebus</i> species but is common in high-altitude dwarf lemurs (genus: <i>Cheirogaleus</i>), a closely related genus to the mouse lemurs. We believe that this discovery could illustrate an ecophysiological response strategy to habitat changes, which warrants further investigation.