Floral Scent Chemistry and Pollinators of a Sexually Dimorphic Neotropical Orchid

<i>Catasetum</i> is a speciose Neotropical orchid genus of which male and female flowers emit scents acting both as attractant and reward for their exclusive pollinators, male orchid bees (Euglossini: Apidae). In <i>Catasetum</i>, it is well known that flowers display a remarkably morphological sexual dimorphism. However, it remains poorly investigated whether this is also true for floral scents. Here, we investigated the pollination ecology and floral scent traits (chemistry and total emission) of <i>C. maranhense</i>, a species endemic to the Brazilian N/NE region. Males of <i>Euglossa securigera</i> are the only pollinators of <i>C. maranhense</i>. The floral scent of <i>C. maranhense</i> is composed of 29 volatile compounds, with eucalyptol, indole, (<i>E</i>)-Methyl p-methoxycinnamate, and (<i>Z</i>)-Methyl p-methoxycinnamate accounting for more than 80% of the scent bouquet. No sexual dimorphism was detected in any of the traits investigated. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary significance of our findings to <i>Catasetum</i> species and other unisexual perfume plants.