Fungal Nomenclature: Managing Change is the Name of the Game

Fungal species have undergone and continue to undergo significant nomenclatural change, primarily due to the abandonment of dual species nomenclature in 2013 and the widespread application of molecular technologies in taxonomy allowing correction of past classification errors. These have effected numerous name changes concerning medically important species, but by far the group causing most concern are the <i>Candida</i> yeasts. Among common species, <i>Candida krusei</i>, <i>Candida glabrata</i>, <i>Candida guilliermondii</i>, <i>Candida lusitaniae</i>, and <i>Candida rugosa</i> have been changed to <i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i>, <i>Nakaseomyces glabrata</i>, <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i>, <i>Clavispora lusitaniae</i>, and <i>Diutina rugosa</i>, respectively. There are currently no guidelines for microbiology laboratories on implementing changes, and there is ongoing concern that clinicians will dismiss or misinterpret laboratory reports using unfamiliar species names. Here, we have outlined the rationale for name changes across the major groups of clinically important fungi and have provided practical recommendations for managing change.