Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles via Capsicum annum fruit extract: Characterization, antiangiogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

Biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is gaining attention of researchers because of their varieties of biomedical applications. This study reported the novel, eco-friendly synthesis of AuNPs using dried fruit extract of Capsicum annum (C. annum). Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (Ca-AuNPs) showed UV absorption peak at 540 nm and were found to be stable for up to three months. The nanoparticles were further characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape with size range of 20–30 nm and zeta potential study confirmed the surface charge of -26.5 mV. The Ca-AuNPs were tested for anti-angiogenic activity using Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay that implied a significant anti-angiogenic efficiency of Ca-AuNPs at 100 µg/mL concentration. The antioxidant activity of Ca-AuNPs studied by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was found to be significant with 86.0% radical scavenging activity. These nanoparticles also revealed anti-inflammatory activity at concentration range 100–1200 µg/mL with IC-50 value619.4 µg/mL. The present study includes synthesis of Ca-AuNPs by using phytoconstituents of plant material as reducing agents to efficiently exploit the biomedical applications of the nanoparticles.