Modeling of halal supplier flexibility criteria in the food supply chain using hybrid ISM-MICMAC: A dynamic perspective

In the context of the halal supply chain, the need for flexibility of halal suppliers is increasing along with changes in regulations, policies, markets, and technology that change dynamically. Therefore, more systematic and dynamic modeling of flexibility criteria for halal suppliers is needed to improve the quality of halal supply chain management as a whole. The purpose of this study is to identify the criteria for halal suppliers by considering flexibility in the context of a halal supply chain. In this study, modeling the criteria for the flexibility of halal suppliers is carried out using the Interpretive Structural Modeling—Matriced’ Impacts Croisés Appliquée á un Classement (ISM-MICMAC) hybrid approach and a dynamic perspective. This study resulted in 11 criteria for halal suppliers which were divided into four levels in the ISM hierarchical structure. The criteria were spread over three quadrants of the MICMAC analysis, namely independent, linkage, and dependent. The results of the ISM and MICMAC approaches are then represented in a causal loop diagram which consists of an amplifying loop and a closed loop. The reinforcing circle consists of the criteria of responsibility-service-security-trust, while the balancing circle consists of traceability and costs. Even though the flexibility criterion is not in between the two loops, the criterion still influences other halal supplier criteria. This shows that flexibility criteria have important relationships and influences in the context of halal supply chain management.