Diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanism to pathophysiology and pharmacology

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and a range of other symptoms that last for a long period of time. It has a rapid prevalence globally, and there is a possibility of the statistic doubling in a few years. This review is aimed at evaluating the mechanism, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of diabetes mellitus. The data used was sourced through a thorough review of scientific articles published in a variety of databases, including Springer, Scopus, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Wiley, Web of Science, PubMed, and Taylor & Francis. Furthermore, PhD and MSc theses were also used in compiling data. According to the literature review, diabetes mellitus is a persistent condition with various risk factors and serious complications that affect the quality of life. However, research studies have helped in the prognosis, diagnosis, treatment, and management of its different forms.