Urine; a new promising biological fluid to act as a non-invasive biomarker for different human diseases

Traditional disease diagnosis often involves invasive procedures like biopsies or blood draws, which are uncomfortable, costly, and carry risks. However, recent advancements in non-invasive biomarker detection have opened new avenues for diagnosing diseases using accessible biological fluids such as urine. Urine shows great promise as a fluid that can provide insights of all the physiological status. This paper explores urine's potential as a non-invasive biomarker for various diseases. It offers advantages like convenient non-invasive collection, diverse biomarker molecules, and ample quantities for multiple analyses. Urine holds promise as a cost-effective, non-invasive diagnostic tool.