A Grounded Theory Examination of Supervisory Boards’ Governance Capability Indicators in Publicly Traded Firms: A Sustainability Perspective

Embedded within the sustainable development framework, our research leverages proceduralized grounded theory to refine and universalize supervisory governance capabilities, thereby aiming to assess the theoretical saturation of the resultant model and to devise a comprehensive, sustainability-inclusive index of supervisory board governance competence. Focusing on five publicly traded Chinese companies, the research employs a tripartite coding process integral to grounded theory methodologies. By methodically refining case studies, it identifies sustainability-oriented governance capacity indicators. Data are conceptualized and compartmentalized via open coding, then divided into five primary clusters via axial coding, resulting in sustainability-focused governance capacity indicators for supervisory boards. Using selective coding strategies, the study uncovers forty-two competency indicators pertinent to sustainable corporate governance, organized into three domains across eight sustainability-related dimensions. These include individual characteristics, sustainability value judgment, experiential wisdom, collaborative communication for sustainable practices, resource integration, general employment prerequisites, professional application in sustainability, and sustainable business acumen. The findings enhance supervisory board member selection and performance assessment processes, promoting sustainable corporate governance. They also clarify supervisory roles in sustainability, offering a holistic view of supervisory board internal governance mechanisms. By maintaining the objectivity of these indicators, the study advances the field.