Additive manufacturing of ceramics: Advances, challenges, and outlook

Additive manufacturing (AM) of ceramics is relatively more challenging with respect to polymers and metals, owing to their high melting temperatures and inherent brittleness. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of recent AM technologies successfully employed to produce net shape ceramic components. In recent years, several techniques have been developed and the latest progress in this field are highlighted, as well as the current challenges in the complex shaped ceramic parts production via AM technologies. The state of the art concerning the various 3D printing processes applied to the fabrication of ceramic components is discussed with, for each method, the presentation of its advantages, disadvantages, and possible applications. The potential of AM for producing complex shape ceramic components and the challenges to overcome are discussed as well.