Advances in graphene-based electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors: A review

The need for high-performance and environmental friendly energy storage systems has prompted researchers to develop novel and improved electrode materials that can meet the rapidly expanding worldwide market in various applications of energy consumption. In this context, 2D graphene is one of the most promising candidates, attributed to a theoretical specific surface area of 2600 m2/g, high electrical charges mobility of ⁓230,000 cm2/Vs, high thermal conductivity value of 3000 W/mK along with high strength that has made it highly desirable for next-generation energy storage applications, particularly for supercapacitors. This extensive study offers a concise summary of recent developments by using graphene as a supercapacitor electrode in the forms of foams (3D), thin sheets (2D), Nano-fibers (1D), and Nano-dots (0D). This article provides a brief perspective on the discovery and advancement of graphene, followed by a study of the theoretical and experimental approaches employed for the production of superior-quality graphene. Additionally, the article focuses on the fabrication of electrodes while preserving their fundamental characteristics. An illustration of its potential applications is demonstrated by highlighting its efficacy as an anode in supercapacitors. The article concludes by identifying the main challenges encountered and the potential prospects for the subject matter.