Response Analysis on Multi‐Parameters in the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Using Satellite‐Ground Combined Data

Abstract The Tonga volcano (TVE) erupted with a mass of energy released into the plate and atmosphere, causing variations in the relevant geophysical parameters. Thus, we creatively apply the observations from space‐borne and ground‐based sensors to reveal the characterizations of up to four items (tropospheric response, sea surface temperature (SST), surface deformation, and ionospheric reaction). The results of precipitable water vapor from space‐borne and ground‐based data show that tropospheric response has a trend of rising first, after the volcano event dropping sharply, then recovering to the normal level. The reaction of SST shows a slight rise of 0.5–1°C caused by the incident. Examining ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System station coordinates illustrates that the volcano eruption causes surface deformations up to 46 cm in the northeast direction. Eventually, for the ionospheric reaction, a similar characterization of the tropospheric response is found in the total electron content variation. These are the first comprehensive analyses showing the impacts of the TVE on multiple types of parameters using both space‐borne and ground‐based data from low to high frequency.