Proton-Neutron Interactions: New Perspectives on Collective Behaviour, Deformation, and Phase Transitions in Nuclei

The reciprocal action between the final nucleons, termed Vpn, was obtained utilizing the novel mass tabulation from a particular dual difference of binding energies. The findings are obtained for all even-even nuclei with N larger than 92 for their ground states; Z is between 64 and 74; and the high spin states of selected nuclei have been discussed. The outcomes show notable shell closures near magic nuclei. Overlaps of Orbits within the shell model are used to interpret Vpn values in the N>92 region. These overlaps are substantial when nucleons are in orbits that are similar and minimal when they are dissimilar. Furthermore, it is observed that there is a correlation between nucleon interactions and the rates of connection growth in terms of particle-particle (or hole-hole) and particle-hole regions. The predicted Vpn values are in perfect agreement with the observed results. We have investigated the effectiveness of Grodzin's equation (E21+ * B(E2)), R4/2, and NpNn on ‘ Vpn’ for the first time.