MXenes: A comprehensive review of synthesis, properties, and progress in supercapacitor applications

MXenes, a class of two-dimensional materials, have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and versatile applications in various fields. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MXene synthesis methods, highlighting their distinctive layered structure and tunable properties through surface functionalization. The focus then shifts to their remarkable role in supercapacitor technology. MXenes exhibit high electrical conductivity, large surface areas, and tailored surface chemistry, making them promising candidates for energy storage in supercapacitors. The paper discusses the interplay of electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance mechanisms within MXene-based electrodes, detailing recent research efforts aimed at optimizing their energy storage performance. Through a combination of theoretical insights and experimental findings, the potential of MXenes to revolutionize supercapacitor technology emerges, offering prospects for high-energy-density and long-lasting energy storage solutions. Additionally, this review highlights recent advances in MXene-based supercapacitors, including novel electrode designs, electrolyte engineering, and hybrid materials, showcasing the dynamic evolution of MXene-based supercapacitor research. This comprehensive overview aims to provide a thorough understanding of MXenes' synthesis, properties, and their pivotal role in advancing supercapacitor technology, while also encompassing the latest breakthroughs in this rapidly evolving field.