Energy Theory Based Dynamic Adaptive Phasor Estimation for Smart Electric Grid

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) have been widely deployed for power grid monitoring, supporting system analytics, protection, automation, and control. However, with the continuous infiltration of inverter resources, the smart grid introduces more inherent uncertainties, leading to system state transformation. The most common method used by PMUs to estimate phasors is discrete Fourier transform (DFT) for 50 Hz and 60 Hz fundamental frequency, which is not applicable to capture dynamic disturbances under non-nominal frequency conditions. Unlikely, the modern grid operates more dynamically than the traditional power grid. The attenuated phasors can be produced if the grids operate at undesired frequencies during oscillation or dynamic events. The mono-phasor estimation algorithm may not fit all grid possible operating conditions. This article proposes the wavelet transform (WT) based phasor estimation algorithm for both PMU classes. The phasor estimation algorithm is dynamically switched among the best options using energy theory for higher performance of the PMU-based applications. The proposed phasor estimation architecture simulation results indicate superior measurement accuracy performance.