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The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effects of a combination of egg protein (Epro) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), substituted for refined carbohydrates (CHO), on the lipoprotein lipid profile in adults with elevated triglycerides (TG). This randomized, controlled‐feeding, crossover study included an evaluable sample of 25 men and women with a mean (± SEM) age and body mass index of 46.3 ± 2.4 y and 31.8 ± 1.0 kg/m 2 , respectively, and a median (interquartile range) baseline TG of 173 mg/dL (159, 228). Subjects consumed a standardized diet that incorporated at least 3 servings/d of test foods (yogurt, muffins, waffles, and cookies), which provided 40–60% of daily energy needs. The study foods accounted for 8% higher protein energy (from Epro) and 8% higher fat energy (from UFA) in the Epro/UFA condition and 16% higher CHO energy in the refined CHO condition. Total energy intake was held constant during each condition; dietary CHO, protein and fat comprised 42%, 23% and 35% of energy intake during the Epro/UFA condition and 58%, 15% and 27% of energy intake during the refined CHO condition. Both the Epro/UFA and the refined CHO diets were low in saturated fatty acids (7.0 ± 0.1% and 6.5 ± 0.1% of energy intakes, respectively). Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and the end of each condition, and lipid profiles were analyzed using enzymatic colorimetric methodology. Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations were calculated using the Friedewald equation. The median percent change from the habitual diet at baseline for TG was −18.5% (−35.7%, −6.9%) following the Epro/UFA condition relative to a 2.5% (−13.4%, 17.0%) increase following the refined CHO condition (p < 0.002). The median percent change from baseline in very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) was −18.6% (−34.8%, −7.4%) following the Epro/UFA condition and −3.6% (−12.5%, 16.2%) following the refined CHO condition (p < 0.002). Both conditions resulted in reductions from baseline in total cholesterol, LDL‐C, non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, but there were no significant differences between conditions. In summary, replacement of dietary CHO with a combination of Epro and UFA reduced circulating TG and VLDL‐C levels in adults with elevated TG. Support or Funding Information Funded by American Egg Board/Egg Nutrition Center, Park Ridge, IL