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This document arises from work originally undertaken through the Open Geospatial Consortium’s Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) activity. A set of interfaces and protocols was standardized through which applications and services are able to access sensors of all types, and observations generated by them, over the Web.A new generation of geospatial standards is now emerging, based on general Web standards, architecture and current practice, as described in W3C Spatial Data on the Web Best Practices.[31] This includes several new standards for describing and publishing sensors and observations, such as the OGC SensorThings API[22] and the W3C/OGC Semantic Sensor Network Ontology.[28] This Abstract Specification Topic 20 (now named “Observations, Measurements, and Samples”, or abbreviated to "OMS") is informed by these recent developments. The focus of revising the Topic is aimed at enabling the publication of observation data as part of the Web of data, while also supporting other means of data exchange.The content presented in this document is derived from the previous edition published by Open Geospatial Consortium as OGC 10-004r3, and also ISO 19156:2011. A technical note describing the changes in comparison to OGC 10-004r3 is provided in Annex C.