Advancing Agricultural Resilience in Ararat Plain, Armenia: Utilizing Biogenic Nanoparticles and Biochar under Saline Environments to Optimize Food Security and Foster European Trade

Agriculture productivity is severely hampered by salinity stress in many parts of the world, including the Ararat Plain in Armenia. The need for food security is growing worldwide, and new strategies are essential to meet this challenge. In the context of the Ararat Plain, this paper examines the potential utility and promising role of biogenic nanoparticles (NPs) and biochar in reducing salinity stress, boosting crop resilience, and guaranteeing sustainable food production. This paper involves the mechanisms underlying salinity stress, as well as the properties and synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles and biochar, and their applications in increasing plant salinity tolerance. The potential application of biogenic nanoparticles and biochar to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on crops, soil, and water resources has been recently illustrated by several case studies and research findings. Additionally, we go over the safety issues, environmental implications, and potential applications of biogenic nanoparticles and biochar in sustainable agriculture on the Ararat Plain and elsewhere. This paper advances our knowledge of innovative strategies for addressing salinity stress and improving food security in areas with comparable problems.