Research Status of Botanical Insecticide in Indonesia and Its Commercial Constraints

This article aims to review the status of botanical insecticide and its commercialization constraints in Indonesia. The method used was by tracking botanical insecticide papers published from 1993 to 2019. The collected data consisted of the plant source of botanical insecticide; intensively studied insect pests; and the number of commercial botanical insecticides and their active ingredients. The results found that Annona muricata , Azadirachta indica , Nicotiana tabacum , Carica papaya , and Cymbopogon nardus were the most common plants used for botanical insecticide. The most studied insect pests were: Spodoptera litura , Crocidolomia pavonana , Plutella xylostella , Sitophilus oryzae , and Aedes aegypti . Methyl eugenol was the most common commercialized active ingredient followed by azadirachtin. Citronella and geraniol were used only as mixtures. The constraint of commercializing botanical insecticide was from the companies. They are not interested in developing botanical insecticides since the prospect is not certain and the registration fee is more expensive than that of synthetic ones.