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In recent years, many guideline documents have used high-level methodology but addressed only a few and very specific questions, with the consequence that their applicability in clinical routine may be limited. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) document uses a different approach by covering all relevant aspects of COPD. This document, which was first published in 2001 and revised annually, has evolved over time. Initially the level of airflow limitation served as a basis for treatment recommendations. This was replaced by an assessment scheme tailored to the patient's symptoms and risk of exacerbations. Additionally, a more specific exacerbation definition and an assessment building on signs and symptoms have been introduced. In parallel, the evidence base has become much better, with high-quality clinical trials. Future guidelines will need to address the complexities of multimorbidity. <bold>Cite as:</bold> Vestbo J, Vogelmeier C. Guidelines and strategies of management. <italic>In:</italic> Wedzicha JA, Allinson JP, Calverley PMA, eds. COPD in the 21st Century (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2024; pp. 204–211 [<ext-link>https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10007423</ext-link>].