INACIA: Integrating Large Language Models in Brazilian Audit Courts: Opportunities and Challenges

This article introduces Instrução Assistida com Inteligência Artificial (INACIA), a groundbreaking system designed to integrate Large Language Models (LLMs) into the operational framework of Brazilian Federal Court of Accounts. The system automates various stages of case analysis, including basic information extraction, admissibility examination, Periculum in mora and Fumus boni iuris analyses, and recommendations generation. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate INACIA’s potential in extracting relevant information from case documents, evaluating its legal plausibility, and formulating propositions for judicial decision-making. Utilizing a validation dataset alongside LLMs, our evaluation methodology, to the best of our knowledge, presents a novel approach to assessing system performance, correlating highly with human judgment. These results underscore INACIA’s potential in complex legal task handling while also acknowledging the current limitations. This study discusses possible improvements and the broader implications of applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) in legal contexts, suggesting that INACIA represents a significant step toward integrating AI in legal systems globally, albeit with cautious optimism grounded in the empirical findings.