Overview of Marker-assisted Selection in Animal Breeding

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) in animal breeding has undergone transformative advancements, reshaping genetic improvement and reproductive traits in livestock and expanding into new domains. From its inception in the late 20th century to current developments, MAS has evolved dynamically through the integration of genomic technologies, sophisticated statistical models, and innovative gene editing techniques. These advancements have significantly enhanced the precision and impact of MAS, revolutionizing genetic improvement and reproductive performance. By synergizing MAS with cutting-edge technologies, the collective aim is to optimize reproductive performance and genetic potential, fostering a sustainable and productive future for livestock breeding and beyond. The genetic markers, typically DNA sequences or genes linked to specific traits, revolutionized animal breeding by enabling the identification of animals carrying favorable genetic variants without the need for resource-intensive phenotypic evaluations. Marker-assisted selection in reproduction also laid the foundation for genomic selection, an advanced approach utilizing genome-wide markers to estimate breeding values and predict genetic potential. This comprehensive review encapsulates the journey of MAS, emphasizing its historical significance, current advancements, and promising future trajectories, showcasing its pivotal role in shaping the landscape of animal breeding and reproductive science.