Foundation Reuse in the London Building Market

Major developments in London have happened over the last 200 years, meaning the city has generations of archaeology, foundations, and numerous tunnels, all of which impact the construction of new foundations. Victorian buildings were initially founded on early unreinforced shallow foundations or unreinforced rafts that were founded either on dense gravels or stiff clays. As steel framed structures were introduced, they were founded on steel grillages resting over shallow pads and strip foundations, or grillages embedded within the footings.