The Concept of Διαθήκη in Galatians 3:15–18

Abstract In this article, I explore the concept of διαθήκη in Gal 3:15–18 in terms of “bequest and its execution.” In this light, I argue that, in the context of a will, the verb κυρόω in 3:15 should be interpreted as referring to “execution” rather than “ratification,” contrary to previous interpretations. I also examine the fact that in antiquity a bequest was irrevocable after its execution or the transfer of ownership. In accordance with a Jewish tradition, Paul may be alluding to the irrevocability of the bequest in 3:15–18, taking into account that God has already granted (κɛχάρισται) an inheritance to Abraham (3:18b). Thus, Paul arguably envisaged that Abraham had already acquired a “bequeathed estate” (κληρονομία) from God (Gen 15), and so the Abrahamic covenant (διαθήκη) cannot be altered by adding stipulations (i.e., the law) because the διαθήκη has already come into effect (Gal 3:18b).