Imaging evaluation of peripheral nerves

This article aims to provide an overview of the diagnostic imaging techniques currently available for the study of peripheral nerves.It focuses on reviewing the anatomy, since an adequate knowledge is essential for the correct interpretation of the images.The use of ultrasound, its indications, its use in the most common pathologies, advantages and disadvantages are discussed.The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is analyzed, including MRI neurography, which refers to an optimization of standard sequences to enhance the contrast of peripheral nerves and adjacent anatomical structures.Other techniques under development are also mentioned, such as elastography, which is shown to be a promising complementary technique to standard ultrasound, diffusion tensor imaging and tractography, discussing their future possibilities in the study of peripheral nerves.