Application, understanding, and appropriation of the Montessori method for persons with dementia: A qualitative pilot study

The Montessori method applied in nursing homes is a person-centered approach targeting the enhancement of autonomy, well-being, and quality of life for older adults with dementia. Despite its potential in the aging field, its operationalization remains unclear in the context of institutionalization. This study aims to outline the method's components and adoption factors using a behavior change intervention framework among professionals from a French institution demonstrating a high level of method application. We employed a qualitative descriptive approach based on thematic analysis. Nine professionals from the same institution underwent a semi-structured individual interview within the facility. The findings were modeled using the Behavior Change Intervention Ontology. We obtained a final framework defining the intervention, mechanisms of action, exposure, contextual factors, and behavioral outcomes. The method is based on values, principles, and techniques such as facilitation, choice, meaningful activities, environmental adjustments, and specific tools. Applied continuously to residents, families, and professionals, its implementation is influenced by several contextual factors leading to practice changes at various levels. This study constitutes both a theoretical and practical contribution, providing a better definition of the method and the key factors influencing its appropriation.