What clinicians could consider in providing group interventions for people with cognitive impairments: a scoping review

This study identified evidence and considerations for allied health clinicians in providing group interventions for people with cognitive impairment. A scoping review was conducted by searching the MEDLINE (Ovid), CINHAL (EBSCOhost), Scopus (Elsevier), Embase (Ovid) and TROVE databases from 2016. Articles of any study design in which group interventions were performed by an allied health professional with participants with cognitive impairment were included. Data on physical, cognitive, psychological, and quality of life measures were extracted from the selected articles. Standardised mean changes (SMC) were calculated. Ten articles were included in the study. No article directly compared group interventions versus one-to-one interventions. The results of the meta-analysis showed significant improvements after the intervention in the physical (SMC = 0.42, P = 0.013), cognitive (SMC = 0.43, P = 0.005), psychological (SMC = 0.14, P = 0.005), and quality of life domains (SMC = 0.28, P = 0.002). This review identified considerations for clinicians when developing group interventions for people with cognitive impairments, including specific participant criteria, increasing support, modifications to intervention difficulty, and environmental considerations. Group intervention for people with cognitive impairments demonstrated moderate effectiveness in improving physical and cognitive domains and a small effect in improving psychological and quality of life domains. Specific considerations are recommended when clinicians provide group interventions for people with cognitive impairments.