Enhancing Electric Vehicle Range Through Hybridization of Battery, Supercapacitor, and Fuel Cell Systems: Integration and Optimization Using Perturb And Observe Method For Hydrogen Utilization Control

This research explores hybridizing fuel cell, battery, and ultra-capacitor systems to optimize EV performance and hydrogen use. By integrating these technologies, it aims to leverage their strengths: fuel cells’ energy density, ultra-capacitors’ power density, and batteries’ versatile management. Key focus includes improving fuel cell efficiency using the perturb and observe method to optimize operation across loads. A simulation framework evaluates performance gains in diverse driving conditions, showing synergies that enhance efficiency, extend range, and reduce hydrogen consumption. This approach advances hybrid EV tech for sustainable electric mobility, promoting resource efficiency and environmental sustainability