Emergence, Panpsychism, and Manifestation (<i>Abhivyakti</i>)

Abstract This paper proposes the model of “manifestation” (abhivyakti) as an alternative to panpsychism while countering the model of hard emergence. First, it examines the passages from the Mahābhārata to contextualize the model of “manifestation” (abhivyakti). Second, it explores contemporary panpsychism and engages the examples from the Mahābhārata in this light. In conclusion, the paper advances the argument that the “manifestation” (abhivyakti) model accommodates cosmopsychism without contradicting the theory of emergence while rejecting physicalism.