Nine New Glycosylated Compounds from the Leaves of the Medicinal Plant Malus hupehensis

Nine new compounds (<b>1</b>-<b>9</b>), including four dihydrochalcone glycosides, two dibenzofuran glycosides, and two biphenyl glycosides, were isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant <i>Malus hupehensis</i> collected in Shennongjia Forestry District (Hubei, China). Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, including HRESIMS and NMR spectra. All compounds were tested by preliminary biological evaluation for their α-glucosidase inhibitory and NO production activities. Compound <b>4</b> was found to show significant inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with an IC₅₀ value of 29.60 μM, and compounds <b>3</b> and <b>4</b> were found to exhibit potent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC₅₀ values of 44.17 and 60.15 μM, respectively. This work represents the first report of the diverse glycosides from the plant <i>Malus hupehensis</i>. It expands our understanding of the secondary metabolites of this medicinal plant and lays the foundation for the study of the bioactive principles of the ethnic hypoglycemic medicinal plant.