Sustainable development of Turkmenistan in the context of climate change

The geographical location of Turkmenistan makes it particularly vulnerable to climate change. Global warming threatens to impact key aspects of the country’s socio-economic development, especially in sectors such as water management, agriculture, and healthcare. Consequently, adapting to climate change has become a primary focus of the National Strategy of Turkmenistan on climate change. This paper highlights the critical role of ongoing adaptation measures—such as urban greening and improved water management systems—to compensate for potential irrigation water shortages caused by climate change. It also emphasizes the importance of developing strategies to enhance the use of return waters, which will contribute to reducing water resource scarcity, improving environmental conditions, creating new jobs, and strengthening the standard of living for the population.