Soil pollution: an agricultural and environmental problem with nanotechnological remediation opportunities and challenges

Abstract Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising frontier in the realm of environmental remediation, offering unprecedented precision and efficacy in addressing soil contamination and land degradation. This review paper has performed comprehensive survey of nanotechnological approaches for soil remediation and land restoration, encompassing a diverse array of nanomaterial (NM)-based strategies tailored to mitigate the impacts of various contaminants on terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, this review critically examines the ecological implications, regulatory considerations, and ethical dimensions associated with the deployment of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in environmental remediation efforts. By providing a holistic understanding of the opportunities and challenges inherent in the integration of nanotechnology with soil remediation practices, this review aims to inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners alike, fostering informed decision-making and catalyzing sustainable approaches towards land stewardship and environmental conservation.