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Developing artificial intelligence is a topical issue of contemporary discussions among engineers and economists. The aim of the article is to analyze major stages of technological evolution that led to creating artificial intelligence to identify the possibilities and limitations associated with its application, as well as economic consequences. The author bases research methodology on the theory of technological development, “core-periphery” technology model, and taxonomic analysis. The main findings state that the emergence of artificial intelligence technology is a natural result of technological evolution, however, the consequences of its development are characterized by a high degree of unpredictability. Introducing a new technology designed to facilitate the work of natural intelligence, and in some areas, replacing it, requires the deployment of new types of human activity, namely, forms of control activity, as well as analytical work interpreting the results of using artificial intelligence. The scale of applying and developing artificial intelligence technology is directly dependent on how high the technological level is, provided by the previous class of technologies, namely electronic-digital ones, robotics, nanotechnology. Here the paper clearly shows the principle of technological development from what the authors have achieved, with creating and preparing an appropriate technological base for disseminating the peak one in novelty of artificial intelligence technology. There is also a need for the synchronous deployment of control systems for applying such technologies with the necessary training of personnel and managing the process of their distribution by types of economic activity, including those arising due to applying new technologies.