Categorizing Stigma as a Barrier to Support Following Nonfatal Overdose: A Qualitative Study

The results suggest that enacted, anticipated, internalized, and structural forms of stigma act as barriers to the efficacy of postoverdose outreach programs, and the initiation and sustainability of treatment. Understanding how each form of stigma adversely impacts PWUD can improve public health and clinical interventions to reduce stigma and overdose death.