Antiprotons and Elementary Particles over a Solar Cycle: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

We present results over an 11-year Solar cycle of cosmic antiprotons based on 1.1×10^{6} events in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV. The p[over ¯] fluxes exhibit distinct properties. The magnitude of the p[over ¯] flux temporal variation is significantly smaller than those of p, e^{-}, and e^{+}. A hysteresis between the p[over ¯] fluxes and the p fluxes is observed, whereas the p[over ¯] and e^{-} fluxes show a linear correlation. With a model-independent analysis, we found a universal relation between the shape of the rigidity spectrum and the magnitude of flux temporal variation over an 11-year Solar cycle for both positively and negatively charged particles. The simultaneous results on p[over ¯] and p, e^{-}, and e^{+} provide unique information for understanding particle transport in the Solar System as a function of mass, charge, and spectral shape.