Finite Element Modeling of Crack Width and Localization in Reinforced Concrete

The crack width assessment and reliable modeling of the crack localization process are essential for accurately modeling crack propagation, which is critical for evaluating deflections, serviceability limit states, and the redistribution of internal forces, which influence ultimate limit states. This paper examines various modeling approaches and their impact on crack width predictions and load–displacement responses. It employs the finite element method and nonlinear fracture mechanics, focusing on relatively coarse finite element meshes typical in large-scale engineering problems. The influences of mesh size, reinforcement modeling approaches, and material parameters are analyzed. In addition, this manuscript provides the random fields’ simulation example, adequately capturing the experimental crack initiation phase. This study marks the initial phase of a research project to develop efficient numerical models for assessing crack width and patterns, employing carefully documented test results conducted at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.