Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation Using the Immersed Boundary Method of the HVAB Rotor

Immersed boundary methods have historically been used for low-Reynolds-number flows or scenarios where near-wall viscous effects are less significant. However, recent research has shown that, when combined with wall-modeled large eddy simulations, these methods offer a robust solution for high-Reynolds-number flows. This work presents a WMLES-IBM solver framework within the Cartesian Higher-Order Adaptive Multi-Physics Solver for GPUs (CHAMPS+) to leverage the computational power of GPU architectures to provide higher fidelity solutions for rotorcraft problems. The CHAMPS+ WMLES-IBM solver is validated on the NASA Hover Validation and Acoustic Baseline (HVAB) rotor test case for a range of collective pitch angles, showing good agreement on overall rotor performance, blade pressure distributions and blade loadings against the US Air Force National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) test campaign. CHAMPS+ is capable of producing high fidelity solutions with minimal GPU resources at time scales that are useful for design level analysis.