Integrating green HRM for productivity and sustainability: green innovation, engagement and pro-environmental behavior as key mediators

Abstract This study examines how employee engagement functions as a mediator between worker productivity and Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices in Bangladesh's industrial industry. We used a web-based, structured questionnaire to survey 401 workers from different companies. Comprehensive research using structural equation modeling showed that GHRM significantly improves employee engagement ( p < 0.05, β = 0.154), which in turn boosts worker productivity ( β = 0.281). Additionally, the association between GHRM and productivity is significantly mediated by employee engagement ( p < 0.05), suggesting that engaged employees are more productive in companies that implement GHRM practices. This study emphasizes the usefulness of implementing GHRM practices for manufacturing managers in order to cultivate a motivated and effective workforce. Using the Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity (A-M-O) Theory, this study offers insights applicable to comparable situations around the world and advances our understanding of how sustainable HR practices can address issues in a Bangladeshi manufacturing sector. Graphical abstract