Passive Cooling of EV Batteries Using Phase Change Material: A Simulation Study

The escalating global concerns regarding environmental degradation and climate change are accelerating the shift towards renewable energy sources. Traditional gas-powered vehicles, significant contributors to air pollution and global warming are being increasingly replaced by Electric Vehicles (EVs) as a more sustainable transportation solution. However, one significant challenge associated with EVs is the thermal management of their batteries. To address this issue, this study employed computer simulations to evaluate a passive cooling system for EV batteries, utilising a special material known as a Phase Change Material (PCM). The system's performance was assessed under three different power discharge rates. The results demonstrated that the PCM-based cooling system effectively reduced the maximum temperature increase in the battery by 1-2% compared to an unprotected battery. This indicates that the system efficiently dissipates heat from the battery, thereby improving its overall performance and lifespan. Major Findings: 1. Effective Thermal Management: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of a PCM-based cooling system in reducing the maximum temperature rise in lithium-ion battery cells, particularly under high discharge rates. 2. Improved Battery Performance and Lifespan: By effectively dissipating heat, the PCM cooling system contributes to improved battery performance and extended lifespan. 3. Potential of Parallel Cell Configurations: The study suggests that parallel cell configurations may offer superior thermal performance compared to series configurations, although further research is needed to validate this finding.