Fertility Preservation in People With Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update

People with cancer should be evaluated for and counseled about reproductive risks at diagnosis and during survivorship. Patients interested in or uncertain about FP should be referred to reproductive specialists. FP approaches should be discussed before cancer-directed therapy. Sperm cryopreservation should be offered to males before cancer-directed treatment, with testicular sperm extraction if unable to provide semen samples. Testicular tissue cryopreservation in prepubertal males is experimental and should be offered only in a clinical trial. Males should be advised of potentially higher genetic damage risks in sperm collected soon after cancer-directed therapy initiation and completion. For females, established FP methods should be offered, including embryo, oocyte, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC), ovarian transposition, and conservative gynecologic surgery. In vitro maturation of oocytes may be offered as an emerging method. Post-treatment FP may be offered to people who did not undergo pretreatment FP or cryopreserve enough oocytes or embryos. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) should not be used in place of established FP methods but may be offered as an adjunct to females with breast cancer. For patients with oncologic emergencies requiring urgent oncologic therapy, GnRHa may be offered for menstrual suppression. Established FP methods in children who have begun puberty should be offered with patient assent and parent/guardian consent. The only established method for prepubertal females is OTC. Oncology teams should ensure prompt access to a multidisciplinary FP team. Clinicians should advocate for comprehensive FP services coverage and help patients access benefits.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/survivorship-guidelines.