Ex vivo Raman spectroscopy signals at multiple excitation wavelengths for sickle versus non-sickle RBC analysis using novel technique and computational framework

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is diagnosed through hemoglobin electrophoresis, which is time-consuming and complex, making it difficult to use in developing and rural areas where the disease is prevalent. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel ex-vivo Raman technique to differentiate SCD and non-SCD samples at multiple excitation wavelengths (532 nm, 785 nm, and 976 nm). By identifying distinct spectral features and utilizing a computational framework, this research aims to enhance diagnostic capabilities for hemoglobinopathies like SCD and beta thalassemia. This non-invasive, non-destructive method aids rapid, accurate diagnostics that could greatly enhance clinical practices and eliminate the need for lab work in resource-limited settings such as India and Africa. Additionally, this study seeks to develop a comprehensive library for separating HbS, HbA, and HbF Raman signals from whole-blood samples. Preliminary analysis suggests that this method can offer significant improvements in accuracy and reliability over traditional techniques such as hemoglobin electrophoresis. This study could pave the way for novel transdermal diagnostics in clinical settings.