Human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells and sepsis: a scoping review

Although human primary PTEC more closely resembles the in vivo environment in human kidneys, their use in sepsis and SA-AKI research remains remarkably limited, leading to substantial research gaps in the field. In addition, there is significant heterogeneity in the methodologies employed across existing studies. Standardizing and expanding the use of primary PTECs in future in vitro research could be pivotal for unraveling novel and relevant insights into the pathophysiology of SA-AKI.