Stem-like CD8+ T cells preserve HBV-specific responses in HBV/HIV co-infection

Our findings demonstrate that individuals with well-controlled HBV/HIV co-infection maintain more robust CD8⁺ T cell responses with preserved stem-like properties supporting ongoing antiviral function. These results underscore the benefits of early antiretroviral intervention and the need for tailored immune-modulatory therapies to restore antiviral functionality in these diverse patient populations.