The antiepileptic promise of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp (Cowpea): A preclinical investigation in rats

The antiepileptic promise of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp (Cowpea): A preclinical investigation in rats - Background: Epilepsy is the common neurological disorder that affects the quality of life and poses a health hazard as well as an economic burden on society. Approximately 50 million individuals globally are afflicted with epilepsy, with 5 million new diagnoses annually. Patients with epilepsy, especially the 20-30% whose seizures are not fully controlled with available drugs (drug-resistant epilepsy) have a significantly increased risk of death, as well as psychiatric and somatic comorbidities and adverse effects from antiepileptic drugs. Herbal remedies may offer a viable approach to controlling and treating epilepsy, often with fewer adverse effects compared to synthetic medications. A well-known medicinal plant named Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp have a rich history of usage, demonstrating various pharmacological properties such as CNS depressant, antioxidant, anthelmintic, antifungal, antibacterial, and antimicrobial effects. Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to propose an approach integrating traditional medicinal practices with experimental pharmacology to explore potential remedies for treating epilepsy. Materials and Methods: The evaluation of antiepileptic activity of AEVU in Wistar albino rats was done by using Maximal Electro Shock (MES) and Isoniazid (INH)-induced convulsions models. Through histopathological analyses, we aimed to reassess its potential for managing epilepsy. Results: Examination of the MES and INH-induced convulsions models showed a reduced onset time of convulsions and significantly increased recovery rates. This suggests a potential improvement in GABAergic transmission. The AEVU demonstrated the neuroprotective action addition to histological analysis. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that aqueous seed extracts of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp exhibit antiepileptic activity. Keywords: Epilepsy, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, In-vivo study, Histopathology.