Analysis of economics and management of crop and livestock husbandry production in Kazakhstan

Crop production and livestock husbandry sector are key branches of Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex. They play an important role in ensuring food security and economic stability of the country. The relevance of the study is due to the need to identify factors affecting the efficiency and sustainable development of these industries in terms of the global climate change, economic instability, and growing demand for agricultural products. Although there are significant achievements in production volumes, regional disparities, infrastructure deficiencies and technological gaps persist, hindering the development of these industries. An analysis of the current state of crop and livestock production shows a decrease in gross output in 2023 due to rising production costs, unfavourable climatic conditions, and economic factors. Indeed, Turkestan, North Kazakhstan, Kostanay, and Akmola have advanced crop production. Almaty, Turkestan, Akmola, and East Kazakhstan regions have advances livestock production. 2023 had a decrease in gross output, deterioration in per capita indicators, and an increase in livestock mortality. To address the above problems, there is a need to implement the integrated approach including technology modernisation, cost optimisation, and infrastructure development. The research suggests to introduce innovative production methods, increase the level of agronomic and veterinary support, and extra financing and investment into the industry. Moreover, the favourable conditions for the sale of products, improving agricultural policy, and developing government support programs are very relevant issues. An analysis of crop and livestock husbandry production dynamics from 2010 to 2023 revealed key factors affecting the development of industries: climate change, insufficient agricultural technologies, financing problems, shortage of qualified personnel, weak logistics infrastructure, etc. Despite the negative trends in 2023, 2024 shows an increase in livestock husbandry and an improvement in production indicators, such as average milk and egg yield. In crop production, there has been an increase in gross output until 2022; in 2023 its decline is associated with rising costs and unfavourable economic conditions. To ensure the sustainable development of crop and livestock husbandry production in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to focus on the modernisation of industries, the introduction of innovative technologies, professional development, and optimisation of government support. An integrated approach, including the development of strategies to increase profitability and sustainability of production, will help stabilise the economy of these industries and strengthen the country’s food security.