Valorization of plant-based agro-industrial waste and by-products for the production of polysaccharides: Towards a more circular economy

• Agro-industrial waste valorization endorses a circular economy and sustainability. • Developing methods of extraction like MAE, UAE and EAE advance productivity but decrease the environmental hazards accompanying with them. • Economic prospective highlights regulatory incentives, intensifying bio-based marketplaces, and cost-effective valorization. • Future prospects are driven by interdisciplinary approaches and progressions in adapting technology. Agro-industrial waste has gained significant importance due to the increased demand for sustainable development. This review highlights the role of agro-industrial residue-derived polysaccharides in the development of a circular economy. The sources, extraction techniques, biochemical composition, and structural properties of polysaccharides are discussed, highlighting their eco-friendly importance. It also focuses on the use of polysaccharides in different applications, such as medicines and bioplastics. Advanced extraction and modification technologies have been developed to achieve sustainable and eco-friendly production. This review also considers new market trends, a legal environment that supports sustainability, and the economic feasibility of waste valorization. In conclusion, advances in waste valorization and interdisciplinary research integration toward a sustainable and circular economy are emphasized.