The effect of shade and full-sun coffee plantation on coffee berry borer, <i>Hyphothenemus hampei</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) population dynamics

Abstract The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), is a significant pest impacting coffee-producing regions globally, causing substantial yield and economic losses. Various factors, including the host plant, environmental conditions, and farm management practices, influence CBB infestation. In particular, smallholder farmers often employ different shade management techniques, creating distinct biotic and abiotic conditions that affect CBB damage, distribution, and reproduction. This study aims to assess CBB populations in coffee berries across different locations within the plots, specifically on branches during harvest, post-harvest, and on the ground. The study was conducted in Pangalengan District, Bandung Regency, West Java. The study indicated that both shade and full-sun areas had a significant effect on CBB population dynamics. Coffee has significantly increased infestation rates in full-sun areas, and rapid populations were established, especially adult CBB. However, the shaded area was not suitable for CBB breeding. Nevertheless, though the populations of adult stages decreased markedly, the number of larval CBB with these two periods was still quite appreciable. Based on these findings, the shaded areas are suggested as an effective ecological strategy for managing CBB populations and reducing crop losses in coffee farming.