Revolutionizing carbon sequestration: Integrating IoT, AI, and blockchain technologies in the fight against climate change

The escalating concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide presents a critical challenge in mitigating climate change, necessitating more efficient and verifiable carbon sequestration strategies. This review critically examines the integration of Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain technologies as a novel, synergic framework to enhance the efficacy, scalability, and transparency of carbon sequestration processes. IoT systems facilitate high-resolution, real-time environmental data acquisition is essential for monitoring carbon fluxes. AI methodologies enable advanced data analytics, predictive modeling, and optimization of carbon capture and storage mechanisms. Concurrently, blockchain technology provides a secure and immutable platform for transparent carbon accounting and verification. The article synthesizes current advancements and presents case studies that demonstrate practical applications and outcomes. Ethical considerations, technical limitations, and regulatory challenges are critically analyzed. Future research directions include the refinement of sensor networks, the development of adaptive machine learning algorithms, and the evolution of decentralized ledger systems tailored to environmental data. This integrated technological paradigm holds substantial potential to enhance carbon sequestration efforts, thereby contributing meaningfully to global climate change mitigation strategies.