A Blueprint to Greener Shorelines: Advancing the Effectiveness, Sustainability, and Widespread Adoption of Coastal Nature-Based Solutions Through Transdisciplinary Research

Abstract Coastal nature-based solutions (NbS) have emerged as powerful tools to enhance sustainable development and ecological restoration goals. As a rapidly growing field spanning across social, political, ecological, economic, and engineering disciplines, it is critical that researchers working in coastal NbS regularly attempt to identify emerging focal areas for scientific inquiry. Following the 27th Biennial meeting of the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation, we provide a transdisciplinary perspective (including biologists, engineers, oceanographers, geoscientists, economists, and facilitators of workforce training programs) of pertinent research questions that, if answered, will advance the effectiveness, sustainability, and widespread adoption of coastal NbS. These suggestions for future research highlight the necessity for diverse expertise and perspectives at every stage in planning, design, implementation, and monitoring coastal NbS.