Position-specific performance metrics of professional football players. A multidimensional analysis

This study aimed to analyse the differences in physical performance among professional football players based on their playing position: goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and forward. The background to this study stems from the need for coaching staff to understand the specific physical demands of each position to optimise training programmes and match strategies. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative design was used. The study subjects consisted of 11 professional players from Liga 1 Indonesia clubs, grouped by their main positions. Performance measurements included VO₂ max (yoyo test) and football performance analysis (Catapult One). The results of the performance analysis by position showed functionally significant differences in physical characteristics. Midfielders recorded the highest performance with a VO₂ max of 62.35 ml/kg/min, intensity of 200.07 m/min, and maximum speed of 20.22 m/s, emphasising their role as the motor of the game. Defenders covered the longest distance (7,611.68 m) with a duration of 96.84 minutes, reflecting high stability and endurance. Forwards were dominant in sprinting (B5: 164.67 m; B6: 115.89 m) and speed (12.22 m/s), matching the explosive demands of attacking. Goalkeepers had the lowest intensity (VO₂ max: 56.18 ml/kg/min; distance: 5,708.76 m), but still recorded high reaction speed (10.52 m/s). These findings support the importance of position-based training and performance data for tactical efficiency and performance optimisation.